Sex trafficking (ST) is a major public health problem, and service provision for ST survivors poses distinct challenges. A coalition of three agencies in Los Angeles was formed to: 1) identify the barriers ST survivors face in accessing help; 2) identify how the needs of ST survivors may differ from domestic violence survivors; and 3) evaluate a new service model to better address survivors’ needs. Researchers developed and evaluated a new model designed to serve ST survivors through interviews and focus groups with staff and clients. Results indicate that some practices excluded ST survivors from services, including requiring IDs or TB tests. Due to mistrust, survivors were reluctant to answer questions by phone or be picked-up at a police station. Curfews and safety holds triggered feelings of revictimization due to loss of autonomy. Because many came directly from crisis situations, some ST survivors triggered easily, isolated themselves, or were unwilling to open up to strangers. They had difficulty relating to other shelter clients, who generally have very different backgrounds and experiences, and felt judged by them. Substance abuse, legal, education, housing, and job placement services were especially relevant. Changes to outreach services, intensive, tailored case management, more flexible shelter intake eligibility, and specialized services such as single rooms and ST-specific counseling were effective. An appreciation of the physical, social, and emotional impact of trauma on survivors can help agencies avoid re-traumatization. A comprehensive, long-term service model is required to address the unique experiences and needs of ST survivors.
Mellissa Withers is an Associate Professor at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine. Her research interests are gender-based violence and sexual and reproductive health. She has published more than 35 scientific articles, is the editor of two books, and writes a blog on human trafficking for Psychology Today.