The “Nordic Model” criminalizes sex buyers while treating individuals in prostitution as exploitation victims. It combines awareness campaigns with increased services for individuals in prostitution. Critics argue it hurts sex workers and increases vulnerability by pushing activities underground. In 2020, Israel became the 9th country to implement this model by passing a law prohibiting the consumption of prostitution. Offenders face a $550 fine or can attend a socio-educational program. A government program provides expanded services for those wishing to exit prostitution and public campaigns. This research sought to answer, “How were the law and the program implemented and what was their effect on consumers and on individuals in prostitution?” Methodology included repeated online surveys of Israeli men about prostitution consumption, analysis of Google Trends for prostitution-related terms, and review of police data on enforcement and fines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals in prostitution, clients, police officers, and social workers to provide additional qualitative insights. Enforcement was carried out in only three police stations. It fluctuated but declined significantly and was minimal by 2023. Police challenges included resource limitations, difficulties establishing evidence, and difficulty in accessing discreet locations. Data revealed mixed results: surveys indicated increased consumption, while internet data suggested decreased demand with fluctuations correlating negatively with enforcement intensity during specific periods. Although some individuals in prostitution reported a temporary drop in income, most support the law. The presenter concludes that legislation alone proves insufficient to reduce prostitution or change norms; effective implementation requires consistent enforcement and education.
Dori Rivkin holds an MA in clinical psychology and a PhD in social work. She leads the Social Inclusion Team at Myers-JDC-Brookdale (MJB) for applied social research in Israel. Her team conducted research on implementing the Nordic Model in Israel and is currently evaluating a national plan to combat human trafficking.